4 samples in 1 receptor (estrogen activity) if tested in duplicates, 8 dilutions, controls. 32 samples in Estrogen receptor activity, duplicates, if tested in 1 dilution only. YES and YAS strains (up to 20 passages) need to be ordered separately. Additional YES YAS Culture Maintenance Set is available.
XenoScreen XL YES is a ready to use estrogen receptor transactivation test kit for the identification of chemicals, agrochemicals, cosmetics (EDC's) or water samples with endocrine disruptive activity, i.e estrogenic activity. In the receptor transactivation test a chemical is required to bind to the receptor and to activate the receptor. In compliance with OECD Guideline TG455 and ISO 19040. The test kit is used for measurement of agonistic activity only.
Many endocrine disrupting chemicals adversely impact the estrogen signaling by interacting with estrogen receptors. The receptors show ligand selectivity and target gene regulation, they modulate metabolic enzymes that are critical for normal estrogen synthesis and metabolism. Typical EDC's are e.g. phytoestrogens, bisphenolics, and organochlorine pesticides. Many endocrine discrupting chemicals act through multiple mechanisms and therefore biological effects of EDCs need to be carefully interpreted.
In the receptor transcriptional activation assay, YES (Yeast Estrogen Screen) cells are exposed to 1 or 8 concentrations of a test sample, as well as a positive and a negative control, for 18 hours. After exposure, the receptor mediated β-galactosidase expression is assessed via a chromogenic substrate. Each dose is tested in duplicate to allow for statistical analysis of the data. Alternatively 32 compounds can be tested if only 1 concentration is applied.
A dose-dependent and significant increase or decrease in the color development relative to the corresponding negative control upon exposure indicates that the sample acts as an endocrine disruptor. Comparison with standardized positive controls (tested in multiple doses) allows for a quantification of the endocrine disrupting properties in terms of EC10, EC50 of EEQ/AEQ.
XenoScreen XL YES includes lyticase for a higher sensitivity. XL stands for Extra Lyticase, which is responsible for higher signals of the β-galactosidase activity leading to higher sensitivity.
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