S9 Cofactor Kit is a ready-to-use kit containing Buffer Salts, G-6-P and NADP for preparing the S9 mix in metabolic activation studies, especially for the Ames Test and Micronuclues Test.
Liver S9 fractions (the 9000g supernatant of a liver homogenate) contain both microsomal and cytosolic fractions. S9 fraction includes many cytosolic enzymes: N-acetyl transferases, methyltransferases, sulfotransferases, glutathione transferases, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, thus both Phase I and II metabolites act simultaneously. Due to the fact that the enzymes in the S9 fractions are diluted significantly, cofactors such as e.g. β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-regenerating system (NADPH, Phase I oxidation) are required for activity. Microsomes do not include the cytosolic enzymes, they include the endoplasmic reticulum subcellular fraction only with cytochrome P450, CYPs, Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)). Characteristics
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*Aroclor 1254 is in conflict with Stokholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and has been banned. Therefore, the availability of the Aroclor 1254-induced S9 cannot be guaranteed in the future.
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